Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Cardiovascular Diseases

Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Diseases

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are reactive oxygen metabolites resulting from one-electron reduction of oxygen under the influence of a variety of enzymes. In aerobic organisms, they are produced as a byproduct of many cellular metabolic pathways and participate in some processes necessary for the normal life and functioning of the cells, but also in a large number of pathological processes. Oxi...

Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disease

Devil's Triangle in Kidney Diseases: Oxidative Stress, Mediators, and Inflammation

1Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, PK 34, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey 2Division of Nephrology, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina 3Nephrology and Dialysis Unit and Postgraduate School of Nephrology, Messina University, Via Consolare Pompea No. 1867 Ganzirri, 98165 Messina, Italy 4Department of Pediatric Nephrology, ...

The Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Cardiovascular Aging

Age is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease, even in the absence of other traditional factors. Emerging evidence in experimental animal and human models has emphasized a central role for two main mechanisms of age-related cardiovascular disease: oxidative stress and inflammation. Excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide generated by oxidative stress and low-grade infl...

Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Diseases

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) include a wide variety of molecules and free radicals derived from molecular oxygen. O2 being highly electrophilic can be reduced by one electron at a time producing relatively stable intermediates, such as superoxide anion (O2• ̄), precursor of most ROS and a relevant mediator in many biological reactions. Dismutation of O2• ̄ produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), whic...